Blood compatibility of nanomedicines

Collection of the current knowledge (in vitro and in vivo studies) related to the blood compatibility of nanomedicines and nanomaterials with a potential use in biomedical applications. Different types of nanomedicines were analyzed for their toxicity to the blood system, and the role of their physicochemical properties was further elucidated. An extensive literature review was carried out using Scopus, GoPubMed and Web of Science databases to identify and collect peer-reviewed scientific articles reporting blood toxicological effects of various types of nanomaterials with potential use in the biomedical field and nanomedicine. The bibliographic search covered publications until April 2017. In total, 146 papers of interest analyzing hematology, thrombosis, and complement activation in vivo were considered. In addition, 515 publications evaluating hematology, coagulation, platelets, and complement activation in vitro have been identified as relevant for our investigation. From the screened publications for in vivo studies, 46 publications reported blood toxicities and contained information regarding the contribution of NPs physicochemical properties on the reported blood incompatibilities. For in vitro data, 153 publications reported blood toxicities and contained information regarding the contribution of each NP property on the reported toxicities.