The recognition of the economic importance of the coastline and its multiple desires made it essential to adopt a higher legal standard to arbitrate between the multiple uses of the coastline. It was in this spirit that the Coastal Law was passed on 3 January 1986.
Applying to metropolitan and overseas coasts, salt ponds and inland water bodies of more than 1000 hectares, the coastal law combines, sometimes contradictory, principles of coastal development, protection and development with the objectives of:
— preserve rare and sensitive spaces,
— efficient management of space consumption through urbanisation and tourist development, in particular,
— open the shore more widely to the public, such as beaches, in order to welcome activities whose development is linked to the sea as a priority on the coast.
For the purposes of this Chapter, coastal municipalities shall be considered to be municipalities of metropolitan France and of the overseas departments:
(1) Rivers of the seas and oceans, salt ponds, inland water bodies with an area exceeding 1,000 hectares;
2°) Rivers of estuaries and deltas when they are located downstream of the salting limit of the waters and participate in the economic and ecological balances of the coast.
The list of these municipalities is determined by decree of the Council of State (Decree No. 2004-311 of 29 March 2004 — Art. 1 (Ab)), after consulting the municipal councils concerned. Environmental Code Article L321-2
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