BD TOPO ®

[enter the image description here] (https://geoservices.ign.fr/sites/default/files/styles/echelle_recadrage_00/public/2021-05/bdtopo_Vignette.png?itok=2PvQWZsd “enter the title of the image here”) The TOPO ® BD is a 3D vector description (structured in objects) of the elements of the territory and its infrastructure of metric accuracy, usable at scales from 1: 2 000 to 1: 50 000. It covers all geographical and administrative entities in the national territory in a consistent manner. It allows visualisation, positioning and simulation for the analysis and operational management of the territory. The description of the spatial objects in 3D makes it possible to realistically represent spatial analyses relevant to decision-making processes in the context of various studies. Since 2019, a new edition (updated) has been published every quarter. The objects of the TOPO ® BD are grouped into themes guided by INSPIRE1 modelling: Administrative (limits and administrative units); Addresses (postal addresses); Built (buildings); Hydrography (water-related elements); Designated places (a place or place known to have a toponym and describing a natural area or a living place); Land cover (vegetation, estran, hedgerows); Services and activities (public services, storage and transport of energy sources, industrial locations and sites); Transport (road, rail or air network infrastructure, routes); Restricted zones (most zones subject to specific regulations). Dissemination format: Shapefile, Geopackage, SQL