Possibilities of use Groundwater heat pumps

Groundwater heat pumps use the heat energy stored in the groundwater directly by opening up a near-surface groundwater stock via a conveyor and a sip well. Permeability and yield of the aquifer to be used influence the dimensioning and cost-effectiveness of the wells and the heat pump. The more abundant aquifers, the more water and thus heat or cooling can be removed. The chemical properties of the groundwater can affect the service life of the conveying and swallowing well as well as the heat pump. This concerns insbes. Iron and manganese (fountain) as well as pH, magnesium and sulfate (concrete aggressiveness). This map gives a first overview of the possibilities of use of near-surface geothermal energy by means of groundwater heat pumps. Classification is shown at which locations the construction and operation of a groundwater heat pump is likely to be possible, is unlikely to be possible or a case-by-case examination by the water authority is required. The data set provides a basis for large-scale considerations and does not replace the conduct of detailed investigations.