2748|CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTITUDES OF THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION IN SPAIN

The purpose of the study is to explore the discourses around the immigrant population installed in Spain from the points of view of the immigrants themselves. The overall result is a proposal of four basic positions around the installation in Spain: subaltern insertion, equal integration, defensive retreat and instituent projection. In each case different implicit models of society are drawn: monocultural, pluricultural, intracultural and transcultural. The objectives are: how the various segments of the immigrant population perceive and interpret their migration trajectory and future perspectives (a way of understanding their migrant status), and the relationships they establish with each other and with the collectives and institutions of indigenous society. — Migratory itinerary: reasons for migration (differentiation between men and women, adults, young people and minors); forms of departure from the country and entry to Spain (personal bet or project family members); stay in Spain (transit for situations of regularity or irregularity); perception and project on family reunification; project or realisation of the third phase (nationalisation or return); dissolution of migrant status (nationalisation or return). — Insertion strategies: employment (differentiation between men and women, between first and second generation, etc. Complementary, competitive, ethno-ratified and critical. Special attention to the work itinerary, from irregularity to the acquisition of papers); residential (accommodation or not to the majority trend of indigenous people towards housing ownership, maintenance or provisionality of the situation of housing shared with other family nuclei); vocational training (situation according to age and sex, work experience, etc.); cultural (perception of relations with the country and culture of origin, with relatives residing in the same or the communities of origin in Spain. Relations between the culture of origin and the existing culture(s) in Spain). — Relations with the Spanish institutions: institutions regulating migration, caring for citizens and providing general services (perception of the treatment received in them for being an immigrant and the experience of ‘fetishism’ of papers); degree of confidence or distrust in them regarding the self-perceptions of citizen rights and duties and of the main factors for the coexistence and integration of migration. — Relations with other population groups: relations with the indigenous population (assimilation, respect, confinement, recognition), with various immigrant groups (immigrants of after nationalities and of the group itself: main contexts in which they develop); perceptions of the attitudes that the indigenous population shows them (between reception and xenophobia). — Social participation and citizen involvement: interest and level of association between immigrants of the same nationality or with other immigrants and natives; self-perceptions of citizen rights and duties and of the main factors for the coexistence and integration of migration; opinion on the vote of immigrants and interest, where appropriate, to access and exercise that right. Various ways of understanding citizenship status: subordinate, equated, denied and participant. Each position establishes a specific form of relationship with social policies.