Multi-risk analyses for Delphi and Ancient Olympia archaeological sites in Greece (2022-04-05)

<br/> Activation date: 2022-04-05 <br/> Event type: Other <br/> <br/> Activation reason: <br/> The present activation aims at supporting the Greece National Secretariat for Civil Protection to develop civil protection plans for archaeological sites facing climate change and its effects with a multi-risk analysis. It&nbsp;focusses on two major Greek archaeological sites and UNESCO World Heritage sites,&nbsp;Delphi and Ancient Olympia, both being prone to the below-mentioned multitude of natural hazards that are most likely to intensify and become more extreme under the impact of climate change. Results will be used not only to prepare and improve contingency and management plans for a better preparedness in case of occurring hazards, but also to develop concrete evacuation and protection plan for visitors and employees at the archaeological sites in case of emergency.&nbsp;The following hazards were analysed:forest fires,plain floods,flash floods,earthquakes,landslides,soil erosion.&nbsp;The multi-risk analysis has resulted&nbsp;in the following products.P01 - Reference dataset, produced through photointerpretation of VHR1 optical imagery and supported with&nbsp;available auxiliary data (OSM, Census, Cadastral, CLC, etc),&nbsp;that consists in a Geodatabase containing the feature classes representing the up-to-date reference situation for:Hydrology: rivers, lakes;Toponyms, administrative and statistical boundaries;Physiography: contours and spot heights;Reference Buildings (Building footprints: hospitals, schools, government, religious,&nbsp;accommodation, etc.);Transport (roads, cart tracks, trails, bridges, vehicles parkings);Industry, Airport, Port, Warehouses and Utilities;LULC, the features correspond to the CORINE Land Cover level 3 classes.P02 &ndash; Multi-hazard assessment, consisting&nbsp;in the production of Hazard extents and maps through the modelling of the above-mentioned natural hazards&nbsp;(below, an example of&nbsp;earthquake hazard for the greater Delphi region).P03 - Identification, classification, and quantification of exposure to people and assets per each hazard type, resulting&nbsp;from the combination of P01 and P02 to provide the analysis of exposures and vulnerabilities over the population, businesses and most relevant infrastructures affected by the potential hazards.P04 &ndash; Risk analysis&nbsp;per each hazard type, to determine the individual risk of people and assets based on the combination of hazard, exposure and vulnerability for each of the six (6) natural hazards&nbsp;(some examples below).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P05 - Evacuation plans for the archeological sites of Delphi and Ancient Olympia. It is based on the routing of most efficient and safest transportation lines and the determination and&nbsp;characterization of suitable gathering sites. Starting points are settled at the archeological sites and analysis is conducted for three (3) scenarios:&bull; forest fire,&bull; flash/plain flood and respective landslides and&bull; earthquake and respective landslide.&nbsp;&nbsp;Numbers and statistics regarding&nbsp;population exposure (for low and high tourism seasons), assets exposure, risk information, and evacuation plans - including initial countermeasures -&nbsp;can be found in the technical report. <br/> <br/>