LiF-Dominated SEI Formation via a Lychee-Like PrimaryInterphase for Fast-Charging Natural Graphite Anodes

Dataset description: The original TIFF/PNG data from original research. Precisely, there are 5 final, complex Figures below: Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the procedure used for synthesizing TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG. (b) SEM (c) TEM and (d) STEM TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG. EDS maps showing distributions of e) Ti, f) O, and g) N within the area shown in (d) Figure 2. a) XRD patterns, b) Raman spectra, and c) EPR spectra of NG, TiO2‐x@NG, and TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG. XPS spectra of d) Ti 2p, e) O 1s, and f) N 1s core levels in TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG Figure 3. a) Initial charge-discharge curves at 0.1 C. b) Initial CV curves at 0.1 mV s−1. c) Rate performance. d) Comparison of charge-discharge curves at 2 C. e) dQ-dV curve of the TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG anodes. Cycling performance at f) 1 C and g) 5 C in CC‐CV mode the TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG anodes. Cycling performance of full batteries in a voltage range of 2.4‐3.8 V at charge-discharge rate of h) 0.5 C-0.5 C, and i) 0.5 C-1 C Figure 4. CV curves of a) NG, b) TiO2‐x@NG, and c) TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG anodes at different scan rates. d) Li‐ion diffusion coefficient of NG, TiO2‐x@NG, and TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG anodes. e) Nyquist plots of various anodes. f) Associated resistances: electrolyte resistance (Re), SEI resistance (RSEI), and charge transfer resistance (Rct). g) Detailed GITT voltage–time profile. Li‐ion diffusion coefficient during h) lithiation and i) de‐lithiation processes Figure 5. SEM images of a) TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG and b) NG anodes after 500 cycles at 1 C. Ex situ Raman spectra of c) TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG and d) NG anodes before and after 500 cycles at 1 C. XPS F 1s spectra of SEI layers on the surfaces of e) TiO2‐x‐yNy@NG and f) NG anodes after 500 cycles at 1 C. g) Adsorption configurations of FEC molecules on anode surfaces. h) Relative energy distribution of LiF on anode surfaces Funding: This work was supported by the following: European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 101087143 (Electron Beam Emergent Additive Manufacturing (EBEAM)), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071225), Norway Grants project No. 2019/34/H/ST8/00547 funded by the National Science Center, National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFB3800300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22179143 and 22002176).