1963 AP

<div style='text-align:left;'><p style='font-size:12pt;'>The primary objective from this project was to acquire historical shoreline information for all of the Northern Ireland coastline. Having this detailed understanding of the coast’s shoreline position and geometry over annual to decadal time periods is essential in any management of the coast.</p><div style='text-align:left;'><p style='font-size:12pt;'>The historical shoreline analysis was based on all available Ordnance Survey maps and aerial imagery information. Analysis looked at position and geometry over annual to decadal time periods, providing a dynamic picture of how the coastline has changed since the start of the early 1800s.<br /></p><div style='text-align:left;'><p><span style='font-size:12pt;'>Once all datasets were collated, data was interrogated using the ArcGIS package – Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). DSAS is a software package which enables a user to calculate rate-of</span><font size='3'>-change s</font><span style='font-size:12pt;'>tatistics from multiple historical shoreline positions. Rate-of-change was collected at 25m intervals and displayed both statistically and spatially allowing for areas of retreat/accretion to be identified at any given stretch of coastline.</span><br /></p><p><span style='font-size:16px;'>The DSAS software will produce the following rate-of-change statistics:</span></p><p></p><ol><li><span style='font-size:16px;'>Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) – the distance between the oldest and the youngest shorelines.</span></li><li>Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE) – a measure of the total change in shoreline movement considering all available shoreline positions and reporting their distances, without reference to their specific dates.</li><li>End Point Rate (EPR) – derived by dividing the distance of shoreline movement by the time elapsed between the oldest and the youngest shoreline positions.</li><li>Linear Regression Rate (LRR) – determines a rate of change statistic by fitting a least square regression to all shorelines at specific transects.</li><li>Weighted Linear Regression Rate (WLR) - calculates a weighted linear regression of shoreline change on each transect. It considers the shoreline uncertainty giving more emphasis on shorelines with a smaller error.</li></ol><p></p><p><span style='font-size:16px;'>The end product provided by Ulster University is an invaluable tool and digital asset that has helped to visualise shoreline change and assess approximate rates of historical change at any given coastal stretch on the Northern Ireland coast.</span></p></div></div></div>